How many fish are in the Great Lakes?
There are about 177 species of fish across the five Great Lakes. The Great Lakes are among the largest freshwater bodies in the world and together make up a fifth of the entire world’s surface freshwater. This massive ecosystem is important for the region and for the humans living in the area. We rely on the lakes for transportation, water, and resources. One of the resources that the Great Lakes have in abundance (besides water) is fish! Tallying the number of fish in the Great Lakes is a monumental task, but it’s been done. Currently, there are 139 native species and at least 34 non-native species living across the lakes. Together, there are around 177 species of fish within the totality of the Great Lakes.
How much fish is caught from the Great Lakes each year?
To get an understanding of how large these lakes are, it may help to look at the sheer number of fish caught in their waters. In 2019, 950 million fish were caught by anglers (fishermen) in the region. Of those 950 million, 64% were released alive. Additionally, the estimated weight of the harvested catch of fish (fish caught, killed, and used for food) was around 350 million pounds. If those numbers are somewhat consistent each year, around 350 million pounds of fish are caught from the Great Lakes each year. Additionally, the fishing industry in the region is valued at more than $7 billion each year. That $7 billion creates 75,000 jobs in the region, plus an influx of money from anglers traveling and spending from around the world to fish.
Which Great Lake has the most fish?
Lake Erie is known as the Great Lake with the most fish. The general rule is that Erie has 2% of the water, but 50% of the fish. This strange statistic is actually quite easy to account for. Lake Erie is located in the south, closer to the farming and industrial regions of the United States. Runoff from farms is primarily nitrogen-rich, causing algae bloom to increase. When algae blooms spread, they impact the natural cycle in the water, increasing other bioactive elements of the lake.
What is the most common type of fish?
Of the 177 species of fish, four species make up the foundation of commercial fishing in the region. Lake whitefish, walleye, yellow perch, and ciscoes are the four species of fish that are most often commercially fished. Whitefish are often smoked and sold in grocery stores, and yellow perch are sold as panfish and are used in restaurants. At a recreational level, salmon, walleye, trout, and muskellunge are among the most commonly sought fish. Anglers from all over the world go to the Great Lakes in hopes of catching one of these tough battling (and often delicious) fish species.
What is the rarest fish species?
The size and depth of the Great Lakes lend themselves as a prime home for some really rare fish. Some of the most uncommon fish that can be found in the Great Lakes include the lake sturgeon, the bloater, and the burbot. Lake sturgeon are the largest fish that can be found in the Lakes and can grow to 7.5 feet long and weigh over 240 lbs. These fish are evolutionarily ancient and have been around for a very long time. Bloaters are small fish that get their name due to their habit of blowing up when they are brought to the surface from their natural habitat. Since they usually reside between 95 and 650 feet deep, the lack of pressure at the surface causes them to expand. Burbots are very strange fish that resemble catfish but are longer and more slender. They live in cold water and are the only species of cod-like freshwater fish. While there are not sharks in the Great Lakes, there are dangerous fish that live in the Great Lakes. Three of the invasive, and potentially dangerous types that live there are pacu, snakeheads and sea lamprey.
